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Redis核心解读-从Master到Slave的Replicantion

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简介

replication是redis提供的复制功能，用于master提供给slave的数据同步。 slave在连接master后，master端会在后台启动一个进程进行rdb文件的建立，当文件建立完成后，发送给slave端，slave端收到后，会通过rdb文件完成对master的复制。

Slave端结构定义

在了解replicantion核心之前，先了解replication在redis.conf的配置选项。

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#slaveof [masterip] [masterport]  设置master的ip和port
#masterauth [master-password]     如果master需要auth，在此设置password
#slave-serve-stale-data yes       如果slave与master的连接断开，该选项决定slave是否继续提供服务
#slave-read-only yes              slave是否是只读的
#repl-ping-slave-period 10        master端ping slave端的时间间隔，时刻检测slave连接的有效
#repl-timeout 60                  replication连接的超时时间
#slave-priority 100               slave的权重，用于redis sentinel模式中，如果master down，权重大的slave接替master

server结构的关于slave端的成员变量

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/* Slave specific fields */
    char *masterauth;               /* AUTH with this password with master */
    char *masterhost;               /* Hostname of master */
    int masterport;                 /* Port of master */
    int repl_ping_slave_period;     /* Master pings the slave every N seconds */
    int repl_timeout;               /* Timeout after N seconds of master idle */
    redisClient *master;     /* Client that is master for this slave */
    int repl_syncio_timeout; /* Timeout for synchronous I/O calls */
    int repl_state;          /* 值为上述的replication的状态宏 */
    off_t repl_transfer_size; /* master发送给slave的rdb文件大小 */
    off_t repl_transfer_read; /* 已经从master读取的rdb文件大小 */
    off_t repl_transfer_last_fsync_off; /* slave端收到rdb文件后同步到磁盘的文件大小偏移 */
    int repl_transfer_s;     /* slave端获取rdb文件的socket */
    int repl_transfer_fd;    /* slave收到rdb文件后存放到磁盘的文件fd */
    char *repl_transfer_tmpfile; /* slave存放rdb文件的文件名 */
    time_t repl_transfer_lastio; /* slave端上一次收到master端传送的ddb文件的unix time */
    int repl_serve_stale_data; /* 跟master断开后，是否继续服务? */
    int repl_slave_ro;          /* Slave is read only? */
    time_t repl_down_since; /* Unix time at which link with master went down */
    int slave_priority;             /* Reported in INFO and used by Sentinel. */

replication的几个状态宏 – slave端复制状态

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#define REDIS_REPL_NONE 0 /* 未复制的状态 */
#define REDIS_REPL_CONNECT 1 /* 已经接收到slaveof命令，但未发出sync命令给master */
#define REDIS_REPL_CONNECTING 2 /* 正在发送ping给master */
#define REDIS_REPL_RECEIVE_PONG 3 /* 发送ping完毕，等待PING回复 */
#define REDIS_REPL_TRANSFER 4 /* 已经发出sync，但还没接收完rdb文件 */
#define REDIS_REPL_CONNECTED 5 /* 连接master成功 */

从状态宏也可以看出slave连接master经过几个过程: 1. 收到replication的指示 2. 建立socket连接到master，准备发送ping命令个master 3. 发送ping给master后，等待master的回复 4. 等待master传送rdb文件->收到rdb文件后，完成replication建立。额外的ping命令是redis应用层校验连接成功的额外过程。 redis通过replicantion状态的标示来异步进行replicantion的各阶段。

Slave端发起同步请求

首先，即将成为slave的redis instance收到slaveof命令或者启动时配置了slaveof选项，则执行slaveofCommand函数(replicantion.c)。如果命令是slaveof no one，那么取消replication。

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void slaveofCommand(redisClient *c) {
    if (!strcasecmp(c->argv[1]->ptr,"no") &&
        !strcasecmp(c->argv[2]->ptr,"one")) {
        if (server.masterhost) {
            sdsfree(server.masterhost);
            server.masterhost = NULL;
            if (server.master) freeClient(server.master);
            if (server.repl_state == REDIS_REPL_TRANSFER)
                replicationAbortSyncTransfer();
            else if (server.repl_state == REDIS_REPL_CONNECTING ||
                     server.repl_state == REDIS_REPL_RECEIVE_PONG)
                undoConnectWithMaster();
            server.repl_state = REDIS_REPL_NONE;
            redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,"MASTER MODE enabled (user request)");
        }

否则得到master ip和port后，判断是否已经与该master建立连接，若不是，则放弃若已有的replication连接并初始化server的几个replication成员变量。

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long port;
 
if ((getLongFromObjectOrReply(c, c->argv[2], &port, NULL) != REDIS_OK))
    return;
 
/* Check if we are already attached to the specified slave */
if (server.masterhost && !strcasecmp(server.masterhost,c->argv[1]->ptr)
    && server.masterport == port) {
    redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,"SLAVE OF would result into synchronization with the master we are already connected with. No operation performed.");
    addReplySds(c,sdsnew("+OK Already connected to specified master\r\n"));
    return;
}
sdsfree(server.masterhost);
server.masterhost = sdsdup(c->argv[1]->ptr);
server.masterport = port;
if (server.master) freeClient(server.master);
disconnectSlaves(); /* Force our slaves to resync with us as well. */
if (server.repl_state == REDIS_REPL_TRANSFER)
    replicationAbortSyncTransfer();
server.repl_state = REDIS_REPL_CONNECT;

到此，slaveof的初始化结束，通过server.repl_state来标示replicantion的进展。

在serverCron这个redis核心回调中，调用replicationCron()(replication.c)

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/* Replication cron function -- used to reconnect to master and
 * to detect transfer failures. */
run_with_period(1000) replicationCron();

在replicationCron()中，通过server.repl_state做检测，检测是否连接master超时，传输rdb文件是否超时，连接master成功后是否空闲超时，如果server.repl_state为REDIS_REPL_CONNECT，也就是在slaveofCommand设置的状态，那么启动连接master，调用connectWithMaster()

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/* Check if we should connect to a MASTER */
if (server.repl_state == REDIS_REPL_CONNECT) {
    redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,"Connecting to MASTER...");
    if (connectWithMaster() == REDIS_OK) {
        redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,"MASTER <-> SLAVE sync started");
    }

在connectWithMaster()中，尝试连接到server后，创建文件事件，当可读或者可写时，调用syncWithMaster()(replication.c)，设置server.repl_state为REDIS_REPL_CONNECTING，表示建立socket连接后，即将发送ping命令给master端。

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int connectWithMaster(void) {
    int fd;
 
    fd = anetTcpNonBlockConnect(NULL,server.masterhost,server.masterport);
    if (fd == -1) {
        redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Unable to connect to MASTER: %s",
            strerror(errno));
        return REDIS_ERR;
    }
 
    if (aeCreateFileEvent(server.el,fd,AE_READABLE|AE_WRITABLE,syncWithMaster,NULL) ==
            AE_ERR)
    {
        close(fd);
        redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Can't create readable event for SYNC");
        return REDIS_ERR;
    }
 
    server.repl_transfer_lastio = server.unixtime;
    server.repl_transfer_s = fd;
    server.repl_state = REDIS_REPL_CONNECTING;
    return REDIS_OK;
}

syncWithMaster()是slave端在replication启动后与master端建立slave-master关系的核心函数。在之前的connectWithMaster()后，此时slave端需要发送PING命令给master，检测master是否能回复，以此判断连接成功的socket是否为redis instance，在这种，redis一改之前全部的异步读写，使用了syncWrite，该函数向fd写入内容，如果阻塞，那么redis也会阻塞直到全部内容写入发送缓冲区。

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if (server.repl_state == REDIS_REPL_CONNECTING) {
        redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,"Non blocking connect for SYNC fired the event.");
        /* Delete the writable event so that the readable event remains
         * registered and we can wait for the PONG reply. */
        aeDeleteFileEvent(server.el,fd,AE_WRITABLE);
        server.repl_state = REDIS_REPL_RECEIVE_PONG;
        /* Send the PING, don't check for errors at all, we have the timeout
         * that will take care about this. */
        syncWrite(fd,"PING\r\n",6,100);
        return;
    }

写入成功后，退出该函数，直到master端回复PING命令后，slave端再次调用syncWithMaster()，并且进入以下过程。由于master已经回复PING命令，该fd不再需要可读文件事件回调，同步读取master的回复内容，并且判断是否正常。

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if (server.repl_state == REDIS_REPL_RECEIVE_PONG) {
    char buf[1024];
 
    aeDeleteFileEvent(server.el,fd,AE_READABLE);
 
    /* Read the reply with explicit timeout. */
    buf[0] = '\0';
    if (syncReadLine(fd,buf,sizeof(buf),
        server.repl_syncio_timeout*1000) == -1)
    {
        redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,
            "I/O error reading PING reply from master: %s",
            strerror(errno));
        goto error;
    }
    //此时有可能slave回复需要auth
    if (buf[0] != '-' && buf[0] != '+') {
        redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Unexpected reply to PING from master.");
        goto error;
    } else {
        redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,
            "Master replied to PING, replication can continue...");
    }
}

如果master端需要auth，那么此时再发送AUTH命令，验证slave端。这里调用的sendSynchronousCommand()(replicantion.c)是特殊的同步发送命令，该发送会确保write到fd的内容全部输出，并且阻塞等待master端回复命令。因此，当返回时，master已经回复通过auth验证或者验证失败等。

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/* AUTH with the master if required. */
    if(server.masterauth) {
        err = sendSynchronousCommand(fd,"AUTH",server.masterauth,NULL);
        if (err) {
            redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Unable to AUTH to MASTER: %s",err);
            sdsfree(err);
            goto error;
        }
    }

slave端在与master完成应用层握手后，阻塞发送sync命令，请求同步。

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if (syncWrite(fd,"SYNC\r\n",6,server.repl_syncio_timeout*1000) == -1) {
    redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"I/O error writing to MASTER: %s",
        strerror(errno));
    goto error;
}

同时，slave会建立临时文件，用于存放获得的rdb文件。maxtries用于不断尝试建立临时文件的次数。

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/* Prepare a suitable temp file for bulk transfer */
    while(maxtries--) {
        snprintf(tmpfile,256,
            "temp-%d.%ld.rdb",(int)server.unixtime,(long int)getpid());
        dfd = open(tmpfile,O_CREAT|O_WRONLY|O_EXCL,0644);
        if (dfd != -1) break;
        sleep(1);
    }
    if (dfd == -1) {
        redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Opening the temp file needed for MASTER <-> SLAVE synchronization: %s",strerror(errno));
        goto error;
    }

Slave端接收数据

到了这里，slave端准备开始接收master端发送的rdb文件，创建文件事件，回调readSyncBulkPayload()(replication.c)。设置server.repl_state为REDIS_REPL_TRANSFER并且初始化传输rdb文件的相关变量。syncWithMaster的使命也完成了。

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if (aeCreateFileEvent(server.el,fd, AE_READABLE,readSyncBulkPayload,NULL)
            == AE_ERR)
    {
        redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Can't create readable event for SYNC");
        goto error;
    }
    server.repl_state = REDIS_REPL_TRANSFER;
    server.repl_transfer_size = -1;
    server.repl_transfer_read = 0;
    server.repl_transfer_last_fsync_off = 0;
    server.repl_transfer_fd = dfd;
    server.repl_transfer_lastio = server.unixtime;
    server.repl_transfer_tmpfile = zstrdup(tmpfile);
    return;
 
error:
    close(fd);
    server.repl_transfer_s = -1;
    server.repl_state = REDIS_REPL_CONNECT;
    return;
}

在redis的ae事件库检测到master端fd可读时，表示master已经建立完成rdb文件，开始发送给slave。事件库回调readSyncBulkPayload()，开始异步接收rdb文件。第一次接收时，需要先得到整个rdb文件的大小。syncReadLine()提取接收到的内容，master发送的rdb文件会以”$[rdb size]\r\n”开始，因此readline后，正确接收的buf应该只会从缓冲区获得该头部。

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if (server.repl_transfer_size == -1) {
        if (syncReadLine(fd,buf,1024,server.repl_syncio_timeout*1000) == -1) {
            redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,
                "I/O error reading bulk count from MASTER: %s",
                strerror(errno));
            goto error;
        }
 
        if (buf[0] == '-') {
            redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,
                "MASTER aborted replication with an error: %s",
                buf+1);
            goto error;
        } else if (buf[0] == '\0') {
            /* At this stage just a newline works as a PING in order to take
             * the connection live. So we refresh our last interaction
             * timestamp. */
            server.repl_transfer_lastio = server.unixtime;
            return;
        } else if (buf[0] != '$') {
            redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Bad protocol from MASTER, the first byte is not '$', are you sure the host and port are right?");
            goto error;
        }
        server.repl_transfer_size = strtol(buf+1,NULL,10);
        redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,
            "MASTER <-> SLAVE sync: receiving %ld bytes from master",
            server.repl_transfer_size);
        return;
    }

在得知rdb文件大小后，该fd再次可读时，开始接收rdb内容。

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left = server.repl_transfer_size - server.repl_transfer_read;
readlen = (left < (signed)sizeof(buf)) ? left : (signed)sizeof(buf);
nread = read(fd,buf,readlen);
if (nread <= 0) {
    redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"I/O error trying to sync with MASTER: %s",
        (nread == -1) ? strerror(errno) : "connection lost");
    replicationAbortSyncTransfer();
    return;
}
server.repl_transfer_lastio = server.unixtime;
if (write(server.repl_transfer_fd,buf,nread) != nread) {
    redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Write error or short write writing to the DB dump file needed for MASTER <-> SLAVE synchronization: %s", strerror(errno));
    goto error;
}
server.repl_transfer_read += nread;
 
/* 我们需要经常讲内容写到磁盘上，避免最后时刻才写造成一定的延误 */
if (server.repl_transfer_read >=
    server.repl_transfer_last_fsync_off + REPL_MAX_WRITTEN_BEFORE_FSYNC)
{
    off_t sync_size = server.repl_transfer_read -
                      server.repl_transfer_last_fsync_off;
    rdb_fsync_range(server.repl_transfer_fd,
        server.repl_transfer_last_fsync_off, sync_size);
    server.repl_transfer_last_fsync_off += sync_size;
}

重复以上过程，直到rdb文件完整接收后，重命名该临时文件，然后调用emptyDb()清空数据库。删除master端可读的文件事件。从rdb文件中读取完成建立数据库。

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if (server.repl_transfer_read == server.repl_transfer_size) {
        if (rename(server.repl_transfer_tmpfile,server.rdb_filename) == -1) {
            redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Failed trying to rename the temp DB into dump.rdb in MASTER <-> SLAVE synchronization: %s", strerror(errno));
            replicationAbortSyncTransfer();
            return;
        }
        redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE, "MASTER <-> SLAVE sync: Loading DB in memory");
        emptyDb();
        aeDeleteFileEvent(server.el,server.repl_transfer_s,AE_READABLE);
        if (rdbLoad(server.rdb_filename) != REDIS_OK) {
            redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Failed trying to load the MASTER synchronization DB from disk");
            replicationAbortSyncTransfer();
            return;
        }

最后完成server的相关成员变量的初始化，并且重新启动aof。

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/* Final setup of the connected slave <- master link */
    zfree(server.repl_transfer_tmpfile);
    close(server.repl_transfer_fd);
    server.master = createClient(server.repl_transfer_s);
    server.master->flags |= REDIS_MASTER;
    server.master->authenticated = 1;
    server.repl_state = REDIS_REPL_CONNECTED;
    redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE, "MASTER <-> SLAVE sync: Finished with success");
 
    if (server.aof_state != REDIS_AOF_OFF) {
        int retry = 10;
 
        stopAppendOnly();
        while (retry-- && startAppendOnly() == REDIS_ERR) {
            redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Failed enabling the AOF after successful master synchrnization! Trying it again in one second.");
            sleep(1);
        }
        if (!retry) {
            redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"FATAL: this slave instance finished the synchronization with its master, but the AOF can't be turned on. Exiting now.");
            exit(1);
        }
    }
}

到这里，slave端的replication部分已经结束。让我们再看master端进行的repliation操作。

Master端接受同步请求

redisClient的几个关于replication的成员变量

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int replstate;          /* 复制状态 */
int repldbfd;           /* 发送给该slave的rdb fd */
long repldboff;         /* 发送给该slave的rdb 偏移 */
off_t repldbsize;       /* 发送给该slave的ddb文件大小 */
int slave_listening_port; /* As configured with: SLAVECONF listening-port */

master端的slave的replication状态，指redisClient.replstate

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#define REDIS_REPL_WAIT_BGSAVE_START 3 /* 等待master启动bgsave */
#define REDIS_REPL_WAIT_BGSAVE_END 4 /* 等待master bgsave完成，启动rdb的传输 */
#define REDIS_REPL_SEND_BULK 5 /* master正在发送rdb文件 */
#define REDIS_REPL_ONLINE 6 /* rdb发送结束,持续接收更新 */

通过该状态，我们可能得出，master端完成对slave的replication有以下过程:接收到slave发送的sync命令，启动bgsave后台建立rdb->bgsave完成，开始对该slave进行传送rdb->rdb传送完成，开始持续对slave的更新

master端在slave端完成PING命令应用层校验后，发送sync命令开始replication准备。接收到SYNC命令后调用syncCommand()(replicantion.c)。

首先，redis会检查是否有slave正在进行bgsave，如果有，则可以把该slave的bgsave建立的rdb文件同时发送给当前正在处理的slave，同时把该slave的等待发送的缓冲区复制当前处理的slave(缓冲区内为建立rdb文件后到发送给slave的时间内，redis进行的更行操作的命令)。 如果没有，那么调用rdbSaveBackground()(rdb.c)准备bgsave。 此时，replstate的状态都将设置为REDIS_REPL_WAIT_BGSAVE_END。

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if (server.rdb_child_pid != -1) {
    redisClient *slave;
    listNode *ln;
    listIter li;
 
    listRewind(server.slaves,&li);
    while((ln = listNext(&li))) {
        slave = ln->value;
        if (slave->replstate == REDIS_REPL_WAIT_BGSAVE_END) break;
    }
    if (ln) {
        /* Perfect, the server is already registering differences for
         * another slave. Set the right state, and copy the buffer. */
        copyClientOutputBuffer(c,slave);
        c->replstate = REDIS_REPL_WAIT_BGSAVE_END;
        redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,"Waiting for end of BGSAVE for SYNC");
    } else {
        /* No way, we need to wait for the next BGSAVE in order to
         * register differences */
        c->replstate = REDIS_REPL_WAIT_BGSAVE_START;
        redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,"Waiting for next BGSAVE for SYNC");
    }
} else {
    /* Ok we don't have a BGSAVE in progress, let's start one */
    redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,"Starting BGSAVE for SYNC");
    if (rdbSaveBackground(server.rdb_filename) != REDIS_OK) {
        redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,"Replication failed, can't BGSAVE");
        addReplyError(c,"Unable to perform background save");
        return;
    }
    c->replstate = REDIS_REPL_WAIT_BGSAVE_END;
}

server.dirty保存的是没有写到磁盘上的更新操作的个数，当启动bgsave后，所有更新操作都会被写到磁盘，server.dirty也需要更新。fork后子进程调用rdbSave()，父进程保存子进程状态，返回。

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int rdbSaveBackground(char *filename) {
    pid_t childpid;
    long long start;
 
    if (server.rdb_child_pid != -1) return REDIS_ERR;
 
    server.dirty_before_bgsave = server.dirty;
 
    start = ustime();
    if ((childpid = fork()) == 0) {
        int retval;
 
        /* Child */
        if (server.ipfd > 0) close(server.ipfd);
        if (server.sofd > 0) close(server.sofd);
        retval = rdbSave(filename);
        exitFromChild((retval == REDIS_OK) ? 0 : 1);
    } else {
        /* Parent */
        server.stat_fork_time = ustime()-start;
        if (childpid == -1) {
            redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Can't save in background: fork: %s",
                strerror(errno));
            return REDIS_ERR;
        }
        redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,"Background saving started by pid %d",childpid);
        server.rdb_save_time_start = time(NULL);
        server.rdb_child_pid = childpid;
        updateDictResizePolicy();
        return REDIS_OK;
    }
    return REDIS_OK; /* unreached */
}

回到syncCommand()，redis完成对该slave的注册。

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 c->repldbfd = -1;
    c->flags |= REDIS_SLAVE;
    c->slaveseldb = 0;
    listAddNodeTail(server.slaves,c);
    return;
}

同样，在serverCron中，当检测到有bgsave子进程时，会检测bgsave是否结束。如果结束，则检测结束的状态和结束的原因。然后调用backgroundSaveDoneHandler()(rdb.c)

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if (server.rdb_child_pid != -1 || server.aof_child_pid != -1) {
    int statloc;
    pid_t pid;
 
    if ((pid = wait3(&statloc,WNOHANG,NULL)) != 0) {
        int exitcode = WEXITSTATUS(statloc);
        int bysignal = 0;
 
        if (WIFSIGNALED(statloc)) bysignal = WTERMSIG(statloc);
 
        if (pid == server.rdb_child_pid) {
            backgroundSaveDoneHandler(exitcode,bysignal);
        } else {
            backgroundRewriteDoneHandler(exitcode,bysignal);
        }
        updateDictResizePolicy();
    }
}

确保bgsave进程是正常结束，不是被信号打断，更新server.dirty。调用updateSlavesWaitingBgsave()(replication.c)

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void backgroundSaveDoneHandler(int exitcode, int bysignal) {
    if (!bysignal && exitcode == 0) {
        redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,
            "Background saving terminated with success");
        server.dirty = server.dirty - server.dirty_before_bgsave;
        server.lastsave = time(NULL);
        server.lastbgsave_status = REDIS_OK;
    } else if (!bysignal && exitcode != 0) {
        redisLog(REDIS_WARNING, "Background saving error");
        server.lastbgsave_status = REDIS_ERR;
    } else {
        redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,
            "Background saving terminated by signal %d", bysignal);
        rdbRemoveTempFile(server.rdb_child_pid);
        server.lastbgsave_status = REDIS_ERR;
    }
    server.rdb_child_pid = -1;
    server.rdb_save_time_last = time(NULL)-server.rdb_save_time_start;
    server.rdb_save_time_start = -1;
    /* Possibly there are slaves waiting for a BGSAVE in order to be served
     * (the first stage of SYNC is a bulk transfer of dump.rdb) */
    updateSlavesWaitingBgsave(exitcode == 0 ? REDIS_OK : REDIS_ERR);
}

检查每个slave的replication状态，如果是REDIS_REPL_WAIT_BGSAVE_END，则建立可写文件事件，回调sendBulkToSlave()，发送rdb文件给slave。如果是REDIS_REPL_WAIT_BGSAVE_START，则说明又有新加入的slave需要建立rdb文件，那么再次调用rdbSaveBackground()进行bgsave。

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void updateSlavesWaitingBgsave(int bgsaveerr) {
    listNode *ln;
    int startbgsave = 0;
    listIter li;
 
    listRewind(server.slaves,&li);
    while((ln = listNext(&li))) {
        redisClient *slave = ln->value;
 
        if (slave->replstate == REDIS_REPL_WAIT_BGSAVE_START) {
            startbgsave = 1;
            slave->replstate = REDIS_REPL_WAIT_BGSAVE_END;
        } else if (slave->replstate == REDIS_REPL_WAIT_BGSAVE_END) {
            struct redis_stat buf;
 
            if (bgsaveerr != REDIS_OK) {
                freeClient(slave);
                redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"SYNC failed. BGSAVE child returned an error");
                continue;
            }
            if ((slave->repldbfd = open(server.rdb_filename,O_RDONLY)) == -1 ||
                redis_fstat(slave->repldbfd,&buf) == -1) {
                freeClient(slave);
                redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"SYNC failed. Can't open/stat DB after BGSAVE: %s", strerror(errno));
                continue;
            }
            slave->repldboff = 0;
            slave->repldbsize = buf.st_size;
            slave->replstate = REDIS_REPL_SEND_BULK;
            aeDeleteFileEvent(server.el,slave->fd,AE_WRITABLE);
            if (aeCreateFileEvent(server.el, slave->fd, AE_WRITABLE, sendBulkToSlave, slave) == AE_ERR) {
                freeClient(slave);
                continue;
            }
        }
    }

当有slave的fd可写时，事件库回调sendBulkToSlave()，当第一次发送rdb文件时，slave->repldboff==0，需要先发送rdb文件的大小。

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void sendBulkToSlave(aeEventLoop *el, int fd, void *privdata, int mask) {
    redisClient *slave = privdata;
    REDIS_NOTUSED(el);
    REDIS_NOTUSED(mask);
    char buf[REDIS_IOBUF_LEN];
    ssize_t nwritten, buflen;
 
    if (slave->repldboff == 0) {
        sds bulkcount;
 
        bulkcount = sdscatprintf(sdsempty(),"$%lld\r\n",(unsigned long long)
            slave->repldbsize);
        if (write(fd,bulkcount,sdslen(bulkcount)) != (signed)sdslen(bulkcount))
        {
            sdsfree(bulkcount);
            freeClient(slave);
            return;
        }
        sdsfree(bulkcount);
    }

然后发送rdb文件内容，由于整个文件分次发送，需要多次回调sendBulkToSlave()发送，每次使用lseek定位到上次发送位置，发送后续内容。

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lseek(slave->repldbfd,slave->repldboff,SEEK_SET);
buflen = read(slave->repldbfd,buf,REDIS_IOBUF_LEN);
if (buflen <= 0) {
    redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Read error sending DB to slave: %s",
        (buflen == 0) ? "premature EOF" : strerror(errno));
    freeClient(slave);
    return;
}
if ((nwritten = write(fd,buf,buflen)) == -1) {
    redisLog(REDIS_VERBOSE,"Write error sending DB to slave: %s",
        strerror(errno));
    freeClient(slave);
    return;
}
slave->repldboff += nwritten;

重复发送直到完成后，完成了对slave的replication建立，slave->replstate = REDIS_REPL_ONLINE。并且建立文件可写事件，回调sendReplyToClient()(networking.c)，该回调旨在当master收到写命令后，需要更新slave的数据，回调sendReplyToClient()发送更新命令。

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if (slave->repldboff == slave->repldbsize) {
    close(slave->repldbfd);
    slave->repldbfd = -1;
    aeDeleteFileEvent(server.el,slave->fd,AE_WRITABLE);
    slave->replstate = REDIS_REPL_ONLINE;
    if (aeCreateFileEvent(server.el, slave->fd, AE_WRITABLE,
        sendReplyToClient, slave) == AE_ERR) {
        freeClient(slave);
        return;
    }
    redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,"Synchronization with slave succeeded");
}

此时，master端也完成了整个replication过程，在bgsave建立到传送给slave的时间内master发送的更新操作会写到发送给slave的发送缓冲区，传播更新。 在master接受到命令执行后，当出现写操作时，在call()(redis.c)会调用propagate()传播该命令。propagate()调用replicationFeedSlaves()

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if (flags & REDIS_CALL_PROPAGATE) {
        int flags = REDIS_PROPAGATE_NONE;
 
        if (c->cmd->flags & REDIS_CMD_FORCE_REPLICATION)
            flags |= REDIS_PROPAGATE_REPL;
        if (dirty)
            flags |= (REDIS_PROPAGATE_REPL | REDIS_PROPAGATE_AOF);
        if (flags != REDIS_PROPAGATE_NONE)
            propagate(c->cmd,c->db->id,c->argv,c->argc,flags);
    }
 
void propagate(struct redisCommand *cmd, int dbid, robj **argv, int argc,
               int flags)
{
    if (server.aof_state != REDIS_AOF_OFF && flags & REDIS_PROPAGATE_AOF)
        feedAppendOnlyFile(cmd,dbid,argv,argc);
    if (flags & REDIS_PROPAGATE_REPL && listLength(server.slaves))
        replicationFeedSlaves(server.slaves,dbid,argv,argc);
}

所有不处于REDIS_REPL_WAIT_BGSAVE_START的slaves的发送缓冲都会写入命令。slave->slaveseldb指的是目前slave选择的数据库，如果与该命令写入的数据库不一致，master还需要发送select命令。

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void replicationFeedSlaves(list *slaves, int dictid, robj **argv, int argc) {
    listNode *ln;
    listIter li;
    int j;
 
    listRewind(slaves,&li);
    while((ln = listNext(&li))) {
        redisClient *slave = ln->value;
 
        /* Don't feed slaves that are still waiting for BGSAVE to start */
        if (slave->replstate == REDIS_REPL_WAIT_BGSAVE_START) continue;
 
        if (slave->slaveseldb != dictid) {
            robj *selectcmd;
 
            if (dictid >= 0 && dictid < REDIS_SHARED_SELECT_CMDS) {
                selectcmd = shared.select[dictid];
                incrRefCount(selectcmd);
            } else {
                selectcmd = createObject(REDIS_STRING,
                    sdscatprintf(sdsempty(),"select %d\r\n",dictid));
            }
            addReply(slave,selectcmd);
            decrRefCount(selectcmd);
            slave->slaveseldb = dictid;
        }
        addReplyMultiBulkLen(slave,argc);
        for (j = 0; j < argc; j++) addReplyBulk(slave,argv[j]);
    }
}

master端在replicationCron和propagate过程中会遍历slaves，执行操作，因此每个master保持的slaves不宜过多，建议较多slave时采用链式slave->slave->master。

在replication中可以看到，redis的异步性得到很大体现，通过状态标示来解决异步时回调函数的杂乱问题。

参考: redis源代码分析-replication(http://www.mysqlops.com/2011/09/01/redis-replication.html) 该blog图片有助于帮助理解replication过程。

本文固定链接: http://www.chepoo.com/redis-analysis-master-slave-replicantion.html | IT技术精华网

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